@article {5542,
	title = {Phylogeny and historical biogeography of <i>Anaxagorea</i> (Annonaceae) using morphology and non-coding chloroplast sequence data},
	journal = {Systematic BotanySystematic Botany},
	volume = {30},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Oct-Dec},
	pages = {712-735},
	abstract = {The Annonaceae are a pantropical angiosperm. family, in which Anaxagorea is sister to the rest of the family based on previous phylogenetic studies. Anaxagorea is the only genus of Annonaceae with a disjunct distribution in South and Central America and southeast Asia. Earlier arguments on the biogeographic history of Annonaceae led to the hypothesis of a Laurasian origin for Anaxagorea. A detailed phylogenetic study was conducted using 75 morphological characters and molecular sequences from the atpB-rbcL, psbA-trnH, and trnL-trnF spacer regions and the trnL intron. Molecular analyses alone do not support the monophyly of the Asian species, but the morphological and combined molecular and morphological analyses do. AN analyses place most Central American species in a clade, but none support an Asian-Central American clade. South American species form a basal grade, thereby refuting the hypothesis of a Laurasian origin for the genus and indicating instead a Gondwanan origin. Parsimony optimizations and DIVA reconstructions of biogeographic data indicate separate dispersals from South America to Central America and to Asia. Molecular age estimates indicate an Eocene origin for the genus. The clade containing the Asian and Central American species is dated to be younger than the Oligocene climatic deterioration, which reduces support for the North Atlantic land bridge as a dispersal route from South America to Asia.},
	keywords = {ABSOLUTE RATES, BASAL ANGIOSPERMS, BAYESIAN-INFERENCE, DIVERGENCE, FLOWERING PLANTS, MOLECULAR EVOLUTION, NUCLEAR GENOMES, SEED PLANTS, TIMES, UNIVERSAL PRIMERS, WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA},
	author = {Scharaschkin, T. and Doyle, J. A.}
}
@article {5543,
	title = {Character evolution in <i>Anaxagorea</i> (Annonaceae)},
	journal = {American Journal of BotanyAmerican Journal of Botany},
	volume = {93},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {36-54},
	abstract = {Anaxagorta is a critical genus for understanding morphological evolution in Annonaceae because it shares a variety of features with other Magnoliales that have been interpreted as primitive relative to other Annonaceae. We present a detailed discussion of morphological characters used in a combined morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Anaxagorea, along with implications of the analysis for character evolution in the genus. In spite of a high level of homoplasy in stamen and leaf venation characters, their removal results in loss of resolution in the trees obtained. The distributions of characters on trees confirm assumptions that several distinctive similarities between Anaxagorea and other Magnoliales are primitive retentions (e.g., the presence of an arlaxial plate of xylem in the midrib, nonpeltate stamen connectives, inner staminodes, and several leaf architectural characters). However, lateral extensions of the "laminar" stamens, though possibly ancestral in Anaxagorca, are convergent with those in other Magnoliales. A number of morphological synapomorphies have been identified for a clade containing most Central American species and another comprising all Asian species (e.g., conical bud shape and reduced inner petals for the Central American clade, and arlaxial cuticular striations and capitate stigma shape for the Asian clade).},
	keywords = {adaxial plate, Anaxagorea, Annonaceae, DIVERSITY, HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY, leaf architecture, Magnoliales, MOLECULES, morphology, PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS, PLANTS, stamens, SYSTEMATICS},
	author = {Scharaschkin, T. and Doyle, J. A.}
}
