01826nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260000800215300001300223490000700236520108300243653001501326653001901341653001301360653001901373100002201392700001801414700002701432700002201459700002301481856008001504 2019 eng d a2465-423X00aA revision of Meiogyne (Annonaceae) in Thailand, with descriptions of four new species0 arevision of Meiogyne Annonaceae in Thailand with descriptions of cjun a91–1070 v473 aWe review the species diversity of the Asian genus Meiogyne (Annonaceae) in Thailand. Four new species, M. anomalocarpa, M. chiangraiensis, M. gardneri, and M. maxiflora, are described. Meiogyne anomalocarpa has the widest distribution of any Meiogyne species in Thailand, but the other three species are narrowly distributed. Meiogyne anomalocarpa and M. maxiflora have the axillary inflorescences typical of the genus, but in M. chiangraiensis and M. gardneri the inflorescences are flagelliform and arise from the lower trunk, a morphology previously unreported from members of this genus. The presence of M. chiangraiensis in northern Thailand extends the range of the genus significantly northward. Meiogyne caudata is reported as new to the flora of Thailand. Several Meiogyne specimens from southernmost Thailand previously identified as M. virgata in the past by various workers were found to be more similar to M. kanthanensis, recently described from Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. A key is provided for the eight species currently recognized as occurring in the country.10aAnnonaceae10aSoutheast Asia10ataxonomy10atree diversity1 aJohnson, David, M1 aLiu, Ming-Fai1 aSaunders, Richard, M K1 aChalermglin, Piya1 aChaowasku, Tanawat uhttps://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiForestBulletin/article/view/16591902606nas a2200181 4500008004100000245014900041210006900190300001400259490000700273520193400280100001402214700001802228700002202246700002302268700001902291700002702310856008702337 2018 eng d00aA new Annonaceae genus, Wuodendron, provides support for a post-boreotropical origin of the Asian-Neotropical disjunction in the tribe Miliuseae0 anew Annonaceae genus Wuodendron provides support for a postboreo a250–2660 v673 aRecent molecular and morphological studies have clarified generic circumscriptions in Annonaceae tribe Miliuseae and resulted in the segregation of disparate elements from the previously highly polyphyletic genus Polyalthia s.l. Several names in Polyalthia nevertheless remain unresolved, awaiting assignment to specific genera, including Polyalthia litseifolia. Phylogenetic analyses of seven chloroplast regions (atpB-rbcL, matK, ndhF, psbA-trnH, rbcL, trnL-F, ycf1; ca. 8.3 kb, 116 accessions, including representatives of all currently accepted genera in subfamily Malmeoideae) unambiguously placed Polyalthia litseifolia in a clade with three accessions from Thailand, which have previously been shown to represent an undescribed genus sister to the Neotropical clade (Desmopsis, Sapranthus, Stenanona, Tridimeris) in the predominantly Asian tribe Miliuseae. The collective clade is sister to Meiogyne. Polyalthia litseifolia shares several diagnostic characters with most species in the Neotropical genera and Meiogyne, including: petals that are similar in shape and size in both whorls; multiple ovules per ovary in one or two rows; and lamelliform endosperm ruminations. It is distinct in being deciduous, bearing subpetiolar buds and having inflorescences growing from the leaf scar of the dropped leaves. Morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses corroborate its recognition as a new genus, which is formally described and illustrated here as Wuodendron. Polyalthia litseifolia is furthermore found to be conspecific with Desmos praecox, and the latter name is used as the basis for the name of the type. Molecular divergence time estimates under an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock place the Wuodendron-Neotropical clade split within the Miocene (ca. 14–12 Ma), highlighting the importance of post-boreotropical dispersal and vicariance in shaping intercontinental tropical disjunctions in Annonaceae.1 aXue, Bine1 aTan, Yun-Hong1 aThomas, Daniel, C1 aChaowasku, Tanawat1 aHou, Xue-Liang1 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttps://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/iapt/tax/2018/00000067/00000002/art0000302134nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184300000900253490000600262520151500268100001401783700002301797700002201820700002801842700002701870856005501897 2017 eng d a2045-232200aA mega-phylogeny of the Annonaceae: taxonomic placement of five enigmatic genera and support for a new tribe, Phoenicantheae0 amegaphylogeny of the Annonaceae taxonomic placement of five enig a73230 v73 aThe Annonaceae, the largest family in the early-divergent order Magnoliales, comprises 107 genera and c. 2,400 species. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies targeting different taxa have generated large quantities of partially overlapping DNA sequence data for many species, although a large-scale phylogeny based on the maximum number of representatives has never been reconstructed. We use a supermatrix of eight chloroplast markers (rbcL, matK, ndhF, psbA-trnH, trnL-F, atpB-rbcL, trnS-G and ycf1) to reconstruct the most comprehensive tree to date, including 705 species (29%) from 105 genera (98%). This provides novel insights into the relationships of five enigmatic genera (Bocagea, Boutiquea, Cardiopetalum, Duckeanthus and Phoenicanthus). Fifteen main clades are retrieved in subfamilies Annonoideae and Malmeoideae collectively, 14 of which correspond with currently recognised tribes. Phoenicanthus cannot be accommodated in any existing tribe, however: it is retrieved as sister to a clade comprising the tribes Dendrokingstonieae, Monocarpieae and Miliuseae, and we therefore validate a new tribe, Phoenicantheae. Our results provide strong support for many previously recognised groups, but also indicate non-monophyly of several genera (Desmopsis, Friesodielsia, Klarobelia, Oxandra, Piptostigma and Stenanona). The relationships of these non-monophyletic genera—and two other genera (Froesiodendron and Melodorum) not yet sampled—are discussed, with recommendations for future research.1 aGuo, Xing1 aTang, Chin, Cheung1 aThomas, Daniel, C1 aCouvreur, Thomas, L. P.1 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-07252-201056nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155260000800224300001200232490000800244520054800252100002700800700002200827856004900849 2019 eng d a1314-200300aMitrephora monocarpa (Annonaceae): a new species from Surat Thani Province, Peninsular Thailand0 aMitrephora monocarpa Annonaceae a new species from Surat Thani P cmay a73–800 v1213 aA new species, Mitrephora monocarpa R.M.K.Saunders & Chalermglin, sp. nov. (Annonaceae), is described from Surat Thani Province in Peninsular Thailand. It resembles two other species, M. alba Ridl. and M. keithii Ridl., with which it is broadly sympatric, but can be distinguished by its solitary flowers (not borne in thyrsoid inflorescences as in most other Mitrephora species), single carpel per flower (and hence single monocarp per fruit) and the lack of a monocarp stipe. A key to the nine Mitrephora species in Thailand is provided.1 aSaunders, Richard, M K1 aChalermglin, Piya uhttps://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/34271/01523nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245008100055210006900136300001200205490000700217520102600224100001701250700002201267700002701289856004901316 2018 eng d a1314-200300aTwo new species and two new records of Artabotrys (Annonaceae) from Thailand0 aTwo new species and two new records of Artabotrys Annonaceae fro a71–810 v953 aTwo new species of Artabotrys are described from Thailand. Artabotrys tanaosriensis J.Chen, Chalermglin & R.M.K.Saunders, sp. nov., is similar to A. oblanceolatus Craib but differs in its symmetrical, cuneate or decurrent leaf base, externally distinct outer petal blades and claws, deltoid and undulate outer petal blades, rhomboid and undulate inner petal blades and shorter, subsessile and slightly beaked monocarps. Artabotrys spathulatus J.Chen, Chalermglin & R.M.K.Saunders, sp. nov., is most similar to A. tanaosriensis but differs in having flat outer petal blades, broadly rhomboid outer petal claws, broadly spathulate and strongly concave inner petal blades and strongly beaked monocarps. Two new records for the Flora of Thailand are furthermore reported here: A. punctulatus C.Y.Wu ex S.H.Yuan and A. byrsophyllus I.M.Turner & Utteridge, which were previously confused with A. aeneus Ast and A. grandifolius King, respectively. A key to Artabotrys species indigenous to Thailand is provided here.1 aChen, Junhao1 aChalermglin, Piya1 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttps://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/23434/02361nas a2200265 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134300001400203490000700217520158500224653001501809653001701824653002101841653002801862653001101890653001701901653001501918653001301933653001801946100001401964700002001978700002201998700002702020856004802047 2012 eng d00aPruning the polyphyletic genus Polyalthia (Annonaceae) and resurrecting the genus Monoon0 aPruning the polyphyletic genus Polyalthia Annonaceae and resurre a1021-10390 v613 aThe highly polyphyletic status of the species-rich genus Polyalthia (Annonaceae) remains one of the most significant impediments to revisionary and floristic taxonomic research in the family. Although Polyalthia has recently been reduced in taxonomic scope, the remaining species in the genus still form a phylogenetically disparate and morphologically heterogeneous assemblage. We use maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions based on chloroplast DNA sequence data (matK, rbcL, trnL-F) to show that the remaining Polyalthia species segregate into three clades: a clade sister to Miliusa; a clade that also includes all Enicosanthum and Woodiellantha species sampled, sister to Neo-uvaria; and a clade that also includes all Haplostichanthus species sampled, inferred (based on previous research) to be sister to Popowia. Diagnostic morphological and anatomical characters are evaluated for the latter two clades, and diagnostic leaf and seed characters identified. Based on these results, the generic name Monoon is resurrected for the clade that includes Enicosanthum and Woodiellantha, following the transfer of 37 species from Polyalthia s.l., 18 species from Enicosanthum and the single Woodiellantha species. The generic name Haplostichanthus is furthermore synonymised with Polyalthia s.str., necessitating nine nomenclatural changes, including six new combinations and three replacement names.10aAnnonaceae10aENICOSANTHUM10aHAPLOSTICHANTHUS10aMOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS10aMONOON10anomenclature10aPOLYALTHIA10ataxonomy10aWOODIELLANTHA1 aXue, Bine1 aSu, Yvonne, C F1 aThomas, Daniel, C1 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/568800673nas a2200181 4500008004100000020001400041245016700055210006900222260003300291300001000324490000600334100001400340700002000354700001900374700002300393700002700416856004800443 2011 eng d a1477-200000aFurther fragmentation of the polyphyletic genus Polyalthia (Annonaceae): molecular phylogenetic support for a broader delimitation of Marsypopetalum0 aFurther fragmentation of the polyphyletic genus iPolyalthia iAnn bTaylor & Francisc2011/03/21 a17-260 v91 aXue, Bine1 aSu, Yvonne, C F1 aMols, Johan, B1 aKeßLer, Paul, J A1 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/568701914nas a2200217 4500008004100000245016100041210006900202300001000271490000700281520119000288653001901478653001501497653002401512653001601536653001301552653001301565100002001578700002301598700002701621856004801648 2010 eng d00aAn extended phylogeny of Pseuduvaria (Annonaceae) with descriptions of three new species and a reassessment of the generic status of Oreomitra0 aextended phylogeny of iPseuduvaria iAnnonaceae with descriptions a30-390 v353 aThree new species of Pseuduvaria (Annonaceae) from Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia are described and named as P. fragrans, P. gardneri, and P. glossopetala. A recent molecular phylogenetic study, based on 51 species (including P. fragrans), elucidated the evolutionary relationships within the genus. The present study includes P. gardneri and P. glossopetala in the phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods, based on five chloroplast regions (psbA-trnH spacer, trnL-F, matK, rbcL, and atpB-rbcL spacer). The new nomenclatural combination Pseuduvaria phuyensis is also validated in accordance with the phylogenetic analyses which show that Craibella phuyensis and Pseuduvaria form a well-supported monophyletic clade. The new species and new nomenclature combination bring the total number of species in Pseuduvaria to 56. The taxonomic status of the enigmatic monotypic genus Oreomitra from New Guinea is furthermore evaluated, and the name shown to be synonymous with Pseuduvaria.10aclassification10aNEW GUINEA10aPENINSULAR MALAYSIA10aSYSTEMATICS10ataxonomy10aTHAILAND1 aSu, Yvonne, C F1 aChaowasku, Tanawat1 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/559200448nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144300001000213490000800223100002000231700002700251856004800278 2003 eng d00aPollen structure, tetrad cohesion and pollen-connecting threads in Pseuduvaria (Annonaceae)0 aPollen structure tetrad cohesion and pollenconnecting threads in a69-780 v1431 aSu, Yvonne, C F1 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/559500549nas a2200133 4500008004100000245017700041210006900218300001400287490000700301100001400308700001800322700002700340856004800367 2008 eng d00aPhylogeny of the basal angiosperm genus Pseuduvaria (Annonaceae) inferred from five chloroplast DNA regions, with interpretation of morphological character evolution0 aPhylogeny of the basal angiosperm genus iPseuduvaria iAnnonaceae a188 - 2060 v481 aSu, Y C F1 aSmith, G.J.D.1 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/559701144nas a2200157 4500008004100000020001400041245008800055210006900143260002900212300001200241490000700253520063600260100002700896700001500923856004800938 2011 eng d a1756-105100aFive new nomenclatural combinations in Dasymaschalon and Goniothalamus (Annonaceae)0 aFive new nomenclatural combinations in Dasymaschalon and Gonioth bBlackwell Publishing Ltd a674-6760 v293 aThree new nomenclatural combinations are validated in Dasymaschalon (Annonaceae), with the elevation of varietal names to the specific rank: D. longiusculum (Bân) Jing Wang & R. M. K. Saunders, D. megalanthum (Merr.) Jing Wang & R. M. K. Saunders, and D. minutiflorum (Nurmawati) Jing Wang & R. M. K. Saunders. New nomenclatural combinations are furthermore validated in Goniothalamus (Annonaceae), following the successful conservation of the generic name over Richella. Two species names in Richella are here transferred to Goniothalamus as G. monospermus (A. Gray) R. M. K. Saunders and G. obtusatus (Baill.) R. M. K. Saunders.1 aSaunders, Richard, M K1 aWang, Jing uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/553800427nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130300001200199490000700211100002700218700001200245856004800257 2011 eng d00aProposal to conserve the name Enicosanthum against Monoon (Annonaceae)0 aProposal to conserve the name iEnicosanthum iagainst iMonoon iAn a236-2370 v601 aSaunders, Richard, M K1 aXue, B. uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/553900416nas a2200109 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141300001400210490000700224100002700231856004800258 2010 eng d00aFloral evolution in the Annonaceae: hypotheses of homeotic mutations and functional convergence0 aFloral evolution in the Annonaceae hypotheses of homeotic mutati a571–5910 v851 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/553202140nas a2200181 4500008004100000020001400041245006900055210006500124260002900189300001200218490000800230520157800238653001801816653002401834653002501858100002701883856004801910 2012 eng d a1095-833900aThe diversity and evolution of pollination systems in Annonaceae0 adiversity and evolution of pollination systems in Annonaceae bBlackwell Publishing Ltd a222-2440 v1693 aThe pollination biology of Annonaceae has received considerable attention, with data now available for > 45% of the genera (or genus-equivalent clades) included in recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. This provides a basis for understanding evolutionary shifts in the pollination system within the family. The present study focuses on subfamilies Anaxagoreoideae, Ambavioideae and Annonoideae, for which robust, well-resolved phylogenetic trees are available. Information is summarized on the pollination biology of individual clades and the evolutionary adaptations favouring different pollinator guilds evaluated. Although the majority of species of Annonaceae are pollinated by small beetles, five other pollinator groups are known: large beetles, thrips, flies, bees and cockroaches. Small-beetle pollination is inferred as the ancestral pollination system, with all other systems being derived. Evolutionary shifts to pollination by large beetles, thrips and flies are unlikely to have been significantly constrained by previous adaptations favouring pollination by small beetles, as many of the adaptations to these different pollinator guilds are similar (including protogyny, partially enclosed floral chambers and olfactory cues). In contrast, however, the evolutionary shift to bee pollination has presumably been constrained by both protogyny (as pollen-collecting bees are unlikely to visit pistillate-phase flowers) and the presence of floral chambers. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 169, 222–244.10acantharophily10apollination ecology10areproductive biology1 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/553300525nas a2200133 4500008004100000245015800041210006900199300001400268490000700282100002700289700001500316700001200331856004800343 2011 eng d00aPhylogenetic affinities of Polyalthia species (Annonaceae) with columellar-sulcate pollen: Enlarging the Madagascan endemic genus Fenerivia0 aPhylogenetic affinities of iPolyalthia ispecies Annonaceae with  a1407-14160 v601 aSaunders, Richard, M K1 aSu, Y.F.C.1 aXue, B. uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/553702322nas a2200169 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163260003000232300001100262490000600273520173400279100002002013700002402033700002002057700002702077856004802104 2013 eng d00aFunctional Monoecy Due to Delayed Anther Dehiscence: A Novel Mechanism in Pseuduvaria mulgraveana (Annonaceae)0 aFunctional Monoecy Due to Delayed Anther Dehiscence A Novel Mech bPublic Library of Science ae599510 v83 a

Unlike most genera in the early-divergent angiosperm family Annonaceae, Pseuduvaria exhibits a diversity of floral sex expression. Most species are structurally andromonoecious (or possibly androdioecious), although the hermaphroditic flowers have been inferred to be functionally pistillate, with sterile staminodes. Pseuduvaria presents an ideal model for investigating the evolution of floral sex in early-divergent angiosperms, although detailed empirical studies are currently lacking. The phenology and pollination ecology of the Australian endemic species Pseuduvaria mulgraveana are studied in detail, including evaluations of floral scent chemistry, pollen viability, and floral visitors. Results showed that the flowers are pollinated by small diurnal nitidulid beetles and are protogynous. Pollen from both hermaphroditic and staminate flowers are shown to be equally viable. The structurally hermaphroditic flowers are nevertheless functionally pistillate as anther dehiscence is delayed until after petal abscission and hence after the departure of pollinators. This mechanism to achieve functional unisexuality of flowers has not previously been reported in angiosperms. It is known that protogyny is widespread amongst early-divergent angiosperms, including the Annonaceae, and is effective in preventing autogamy. Delayed anther dehiscence represents a further elaboration of this, and is effective in preventing geitonogamy since very few sexually mature flowers occur simultaneously in an individual. We highlight the necessity for field-based empirical interpretations of functional floral sex expression prior to evaluations of evolutionary processes.

1 aPang, Chun-Chiu1 aScharaschkin, Tanya1 aSu, Yvonne, C F1 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/539802467nas a2200265 4500008004100000020001400041245014000055210006900195300001200264520162500276653001301901653003001914653001401944653001101958653002101969653001601990653001402006653003402020653001402054653002502068653001302093100002002106700002702126856004802153 2013 eng d a1095-833900aThe evolution of alternative mechanisms that promote outcrossing in Annonaceae, a self-compatible family of early-divergent angiosperms0 aevolution of alternative mechanisms that promote outcrossing in  an/a-n/a3 aAnnonaceae flowers are generally hermaphroditic and show high levels of outcrossing, but unlike many other early-divergent angiosperms lack a self-incompatibility mechanism. We reassess the diversity of mechanisms that have evolved to avoid self-pollination in the family. Protogyny occurs in all hermaphroditic flowers in the family, preventing autogamy but not geitonogamy. Herkogamy is rare in Annonaceae and is likely to be less effective as beetles move randomly around the flowers in search of food and/or mates. Geitonogamy is largely avoided in Annonaceae by combining protogyny with floral synchrony, manifested as either pistillate/staminate-phase synchrony (in which pistillate-phase and staminate-phase flowers do not co-occur on an individual) or heterodichogamy (in which two phenologically distinct and reproductively isolated morphs coexist in populations). Unisexual flowers have evolved independently in several lineages, mostly as andromonoecy (possibly androdioecy). Functionally monoecious populations have evolved from andromonoecious ancestors through the loss of staminate function in structurally hermaphroditic flowers. This has been achieved in different ways, including incomplete pollen/stamen development and delayed anther dehiscence. Angiosperms display an enormous diversity of mechanisms to promote xenogamy, many of which are easily overlooked without fieldwork. Floral phenology is particularly important, especially cryptic differences in timing of organ maturation or abscission. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 00, 000–000.10aautogamy10adelayed anther dehiscence10adichogamy10adioecy10afloral synchrony10ageitonogamy10aherkogamy10aincomplete pollen development10aprotogyny10aself-incompatibility10axenogamy1 aPang, Chun-Chiu1 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/539702387nas a2200253 4500008004100000020001400041245017000055210006900225300001200294520156400306653001801870653002401888653001501912653001501927653001301942100001401955700001501969700001401984700002201998700002002020700001802040700002702058856004802085 2013 eng d a1759-683100aReassessing the taxonomic status of two enigmatic Desmos species (Annonaceae): Morphological and molecular phylogenetic support for a new genus, Wangia0 aReassessing the taxonomic status of two enigmatic iDesmos ispeci an/a-n/a3 aThe systematic position of two enigmatic Annonaceae species from China, Desmos saccopetaloides and Desmos yunnanensis, has been controversial, with both species having been transferred between several different genera within subfamilies Annonoideae and Malmeoideae. Phylogenetic analyses of eight chloroplast regions (matK, ndhF, ndhF-rpl32, psbA-trnH, rbcL, rpl32-trnL, trnL-F, and ycf1; ca. 9.2 kb, 66 taxa) unambiguously placed D. saccopetaloides in a subclade of tribe Miliuseae, nested among the genera Monoon, Neo-uvaria, Phaeanthus, Sageraea, and Stelechocarpus. This relationship was also supported by endosperm rumination patterns in the seed; other morphological characters furthermore indicated that D. saccopetaloides has closer affinities with Monoon, Neo-uvaria, and Phaeanthus rather than either Sageraea or Stelechocarpus. Desmos saccopetaloides is distinguished from these genera by its leaf-opposed inflorescences, sepaloid outer petals, saccate inner petals with basal glandular tissue, moniliform monocarps with uniseriate seeds, and rectangular disulculate pollen with two “cryptoapertures”. On the basis of the combined molecular phylogenetic and morphological data, we propose a new genus, Wangia, to accommodate D. saccopetaloides. The molecular phylogenetic analyses furthermore indicated that Desmos yunnanensis belongs to the genus Dasymaschalon: examination of the type collections revealed that it is conspecific with Dasymaschalon obtusipetalum, although the combination Dasymaschalon yunnanense has nomenclatural priority.10aDasymaschalon10amolecular phylogeny10amorphology10aPhaeanthus10ataxonomy1 aGuo, Xing1 aWang, Jing1 aXue, Bine1 aThomas, Daniel, C1 aSu, Yvonne, C F1 aTan, Yun-Hong1 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/514703265nas a2200313 4500008004100000020001400041245012700055210006900182260002900251300001200280490000700292520225800299653003702557653002902594653002602623653001902649653001802668653001402686653002102700653001702721100002802738700002302766700002102789700002702810700002002837700002502857700002102882856004802903 2011 eng d a1365-269900aEarly evolutionary history of the flowering plant family Annonaceae: steady diversification and boreotropical geodispersal0 aEarly evolutionary history of the flowering plant family Annonac bBlackwell Publishing Ltd a664-6800 v383 aAbstract Aim  Rain forest-restricted plant families show disjunct distributions between the three major tropical regions: South America, Africa and Asia. Explaining these disjunctions has become an important challenge in biogeography. The pantropical plant family Annonaceae is used to test hypotheses that might explain diversification and distribution patterns in tropical biota: the museum hypothesis (low extinction leading to steady accumulation of species); and dispersal between Africa and Asia via Indian rafting versus boreotropical geodispersal. Location  Tropics and boreotropics. Methods  Molecular age estimates were calculated using a Bayesian approach based on 83% generic sampling representing all major lineages within the family, seven chloroplast markers and two fossil calibrations. An analysis of diversification was carried out, which included lineage-through-time (LTT) plots and the calculation of diversification rates for genera and major clades. Ancestral areas were reconstructed using a maximum likelihood approach that implements the dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis model. Results  The LTT plots indicated a constant overall rate of diversification with low extinction rates for the family during the first 80 Ma of its existence. The highest diversification rates were inferred for several young genera such as Desmopsis, Uvariopsis and Unonopsis. A boreotropical migration route was supported over Indian rafting as the best fitting hypothesis to explain present-day distribution patterns within the family. Main conclusions  Early diversification within Annonaceae fits the hypothesis of a museum model of tropical diversification, with an overall steady increase in lineages possibly due to low extinction rates. The present-day distribution of species within the two largest clades of Annonaceae is the result of two contrasting biogeographic histories. The ‘long-branch clade’ has been diversifying since the beginning of the Cenozoic and underwent numerous geodispersals via the boreotropics and several more recent long-distance dispersal events. In contrast, the ‘short-branch clade’ dispersed once into Asia via the boreotropics during the Early Miocene and further dispersal was limited.10aBiogeographic hypothesis testing10aboreotropical hypothesis10adiversification rates10aIndian rafting10aK/Pg boundary10aLTT plots10amolecular dating10amuseum model1 aCouvreur, Thomas, L. P.1 aPirie, Michael, D.1 aChatrou, Lars, W1 aSaunders, Richard, M K1 aSu, Yvonne, C F1 aRichardson, James, E1 aErkens, Roy, H J uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/498100516nas a2200181 4500008004100000020001400041245003800055210003400093260002900127300000800156490000800164100002100172700002100193700002500214700002700239700002000266856004800286 2012 eng d a1095-833900aThe natural history of Annonaceae0 anatural history of Annonaceae bBlackwell Publishing Ltd a1-40 v1691 aChatrou, Lars, W1 aErkens, Roy, H J1 aRichardson, James, E1 aSaunders, Richard, M K1 aFay, Michael, F uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/495202393nas a2200301 4500008004100000020001400041245013700055210006900192260002900261300000900290490000800299520145500307653002001762653001601782653001601798653001101814100002101825700002301846700002101869700002801890700002001918700002301938700001901961700001701980700002701997700001902024856004802043 2012 eng d a1095-833900aA new subfamilial and tribal classification of the pantropical flowering plant family Annonaceae informed by molecular phylogenetics0 anew subfamilial and tribal classification of the pantropical flo bBlackwell Publishing Ltd a5-400 v1693 aThe pantropical flowering plant family Annonaceae is the most species-rich family of Magnoliales. Despite long-standing interest in the systematics of Annonaceae, no authoritative classification has yet been published in the light of recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. Here, using the largest, most representative, molecular dataset compiled on Annonaceae to date, we present, for the first time, a robust family-wide phylogenetic tree and subsequent classification. We used a supermatrix of up to eight plastid markers sequenced from 193 ingroup and seven outgroup species. Some of the relationships at lower taxonomic levels are poorly resolved, but deeper nodes generally receive high support. Annonaceae comprises four major clades, which are here given the taxonomic rank of subfamily. The description of Annonoideae is amended, and three new subfamilies are described: Anaxagoreoideae, Ambavioideae and Malmeoideae. In Annonoideae, seven tribes are recognized, one of which, Duguetieae, is described as new. In Malmeoideae, seven tribes are recognized, six of which are newly described: Dendrokingstonieae, Fenerivieae, Maasieae, Malmeeae, Monocarpieae and Piptostigmateae. This new subfamilial and tribal classification is discussed against the background of previous classifications and characters to recognize subfamilies are reviewed. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 169, 5–40.10aplastid markers10asubfamilies10asupermatrix10atribes1 aChatrou, Lars, W1 aPirie, Michael, D.1 aErkens, Roy, H J1 aCouvreur, Thomas, L. P.1 aNeubig, Kurt, M1 aAbbott, Richard, J1 aMols, Johan, B1 aMaas, Jan, W1 aSaunders, Richard, M K1 aChase, Mark, W uhttps://annonaceae.myspecies.info/node/495700510nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134490000700203100001400210700002000224700002200244700002700266856008300293 2012 eng d00aPruning the polyphyletic genus Polyalthia (Annonaceae) and resurrecting the genus Monoon0 aPruning the polyphyletic genus Polyalthia Annonaceae and resurre0 v651 aXue, Bine1 aSu, Yvonne, C F1 aThomas, Daniel, C1 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttp://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2012/00000061/00000005/art0000902147nas a2200181 4500008004100000020001400041245006900055210006500124260002900189300001200218490000800230520157800238653001801816653002401834653002501858100002701883856005501910 2012 eng d a1095-833900aThe diversity and evolution of pollination systems in Annonaceae0 adiversity and evolution of pollination systems in Annonaceae bBlackwell Publishing Ltd a222-2440 v1693 aThe pollination biology of Annonaceae has received considerable attention, with data now available for > 45% of the genera (or genus-equivalent clades) included in recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. This provides a basis for understanding evolutionary shifts in the pollination system within the family. The present study focuses on subfamilies Anaxagoreoideae, Ambavioideae and Annonoideae, for which robust, well-resolved phylogenetic trees are available. Information is summarized on the pollination biology of individual clades and the evolutionary adaptations favouring different pollinator guilds evaluated. Although the majority of species of Annonaceae are pollinated by small beetles, five other pollinator groups are known: large beetles, thrips, flies, bees and cockroaches. Small-beetle pollination is inferred as the ancestral pollination system, with all other systems being derived. Evolutionary shifts to pollination by large beetles, thrips and flies are unlikely to have been significantly constrained by previous adaptations favouring pollination by small beetles, as many of the adaptations to these different pollinator guilds are similar (including protogyny, partially enclosed floral chambers and olfactory cues). In contrast, however, the evolutionary shift to bee pollination has presumably been constrained by both protogyny (as pollen-collecting bees are unlikely to visit pistillate-phase flowers) and the presence of floral chambers. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 169, 222–244.10acantharophily10apollination ecology10areproductive biology1 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01208.x01822nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245015400055210006900209260002900278300001000307490000800317520102200325653001901347653002401366653001701390653001601407653001601423100001701439700002001456700002201476700002701498856005501525 2010 eng d a1095-833900aMolecular phylogenetics of Uvaria (Annonaceae): relationships with Balonga, Dasoclema and Australian species of Melodorum0 aMolecular phylogenetics of iUvaria iAnnonaceae relationships wit bBlackwell Publishing Ltd a33-430 v1633 aAn extended molecular phylogenetic analysis of Uvaria (Annonaceae) is presented, using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, based on sequences of four plastid DNA regions (matK, psbA-trnH spacer, rbcL and trnL-F). The additional taxa include the monotypic West African genus Balonga, the monotypic South-East Asian genus Dasoclema and seven Australian representatives of the genus Melodorum. The results indicate that all of these taxa are nested within a well-supported clade otherwise consisting of Uvaria species, indicating that their taxonomic treatment needs to be reassessed. The distinguishing morphological characteristics of the taxa are re-evaluated and interpreted as specialized adaptations of the basic Uvaria structure. The genus Uvaria is accordingly extended following the transfer of these species, necessitating six new nomenclatural combinations and two replacement names. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 163, 33–43.10aclassification10amolecular phylogeny10anomenclature10aplastid DNA10aSYSTEMATICS1 aZhou, Linlin1 aSu, Yvonne, C F1 aChalermglin, Piya1 aSaunders, Richard, M K uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01045.x